CHAPTER
I
PRELIMINARY
1.1
Background
International
trade policy is a rule established by certain agencies in the conduct of world
trade is carried on by a resident of a country with the population of another
country on the basis of mutual agreement. Residents in question can be either
an individual (individual to individual), between the individual and the
government of a country or a state government with other governments. In many
countries, international trade became one of the main factors to boost GDP.
International trade in Indonesia is also intertwined with foreign countries,
including the countries of the region with Indonesia.
1.2
Formulation of the problem
1. What is the import ?
2. What is the policy
of import ?
3. Any product imported
?
1.3
Objectives
1. Knowing the sense of
imports
2. Knowing the policies
of import
3. Knowing what the
imported products
CHAPTER
II
DISCUSSION
Import
Import
is the process of transportation of goods or commodities from one country to
another country legally, generally in the trade process. The import process
generally is the act of entering goods or commodities from other countries into
the country. Imports of goods on a large generally requires the intervention of
the customs in sending and receiving countries. Import is an important part of
international trade.
Understanding
imports by Customs Act activities to supply goods to the customs area. All
goods intended is some or all items in the form and type anything into the
customs area.
Indonesia to import
three kinds of goods, namely:
v Consumption
goods are goods that are used to meet daily needs, such as food, beverages,
milk, butter, rice, and meat.
v Raw
or material goods Helper is necessary for industrial activities either as raw
material or supporting materials, such as paper, chemicals, pharmaceuticals and
motor vehicles.
v Capital
Goods are capital goods used for business such as machinery, spare parts,
computers, aircraft, and heavy equipment.
Import
Policy
To
protect domestic production from the threat of similar products manufactured
abroad, the government of a country will usually apply or mangeluarkan an
international trade policy in the field of import. This kebijhakan, directly or
indirectly, will inevitably affect the structure, composition, and smoothness
of the efforts to encourage or protect domestic industrial growth (domestic)
and foreign exchange savings.
Import
Requirements
Before a person or
business entity doing import, the conditions that must be met are:
1.
Asking and fill out the form to attach:
v Copy
of Deed Businesses te-legalized.
v License
v Corporate
Domicile
v TIN
v Beginning
Balance
v Reference
bank concerned
v Evidence
of relationship or contact with foreign countries, or the appointment of an
agent (registered at the Ministry)
v Company
Registration Certificate
2.
Once the data is checked properly and
complete, the Regional Office of the Ministry published API (Importer
Identification Number).
Documents
Import
1.
RKSP (Arrival Plan of Carriers)
2.
PIB (Notice of Imported Goods) is a
notification by the declarant for the goods to be imported under the Customs
supplementary documents according to the principles of self assessment.
3.
Manifest is a document that lists the
cargo. This document contains the type of goods, brand goods, and quantity of
goods.
4.
Invoice is a document that is used as a
statement of charges to be paid by the customer.
5.
COO (certificat of Origin) is a
certification of the origin of goods, where it is stated in the certificate
that the goods or commodities that are exported from the area or the exporting
country.
6.
DO {Delivery Order) is a document that
serves as a warrant for delivery of goods to the bearer of the letter,
addressed to the store section (Section warehouse) warehouse belonging to the
company or parts of other companies that have consensus with the company
issuing the Delivery Order.
Import
developments in Indonesia
a.
Imports of oil and gas and non-oil
Indonesia's
import value in January 2011 amounted to US $ 12,548.7 million or a decrease of
US $ 598.0 million (4.55 percent) when compared to the imports in December
2010. It inidisebabkan by a decline in non-oil imports of US $ 926.8 million,
or 8.82 percent. In contrast, oil and gas imports have increased US $ 328.8
million (12.44 percent). Further increase in oil imports caused by increased
imports of oil products amounted to US $ 519.3 million (33.25 percent).
Meanwhile, imports of crude oil and gas respectively decreased by US $ 135.1
million (15.05 percent) and US $ 55.4 million (30.19 percent).
Meanwhile
when compared with the same month the previous year, the value of Indonesia's
imports in January 2011 increased by US $ 3,058.2 million, or 32.22 percent.
The increase occurred in oil and non-oil imports amounting to US $ 1,034.9
million (53.43 percent) and US $ 2,023.3 million (26.79 percent). In more
detail the increase in oil imports was due to the increase in imports of
petroleum products amounted to US $ 1,074.6 million (106,79persen) and gas
imports amounted to US $ 45.8 million (55.65 percent). Instead of importing
crude oil declined US $ 85.5 billion, or 10.08 percent.
b.
Non-Oil Imports By Type Item
During
January 2011, the value of Indonesian non-oil imports reached US $ 9,576.9
million. When compared to non-oil imports in December 2010, three classes of
goods had increased the value of imports, namely class cotton goods amounted to
US $ 21.6 million (8.79 percent), plastics and plastic goods amounted to US $
4.0 million (0.84 percent), and motor vehicles and parts worth US $ 2.7 million
(0.56 percent). Meanwhile, seven other goods group decreased the value of
imports.
Of
the seven categories of goods imports declined, one class of goods decreased by
over US $ 100.0 million, namely machinery and mechanical equipment in the
amount of US $ 143.1 million, or 7.68 percent. The next four groups of goods
decreased between US $ 50.0 million to US $ 100.0 million, ie iron and steel
amounted to US $ 81.6 million (12.76 percent), electrical machinery and
equipment amounted to US $ 63.7 million (4.34 percent), organic chemicals
amounting to US $ 63.4 million (12.33
percent),
and cereals amounted to US $ 56.1 million (13.86 percent). Two other groups of
goods dropped to below US $ 50.0 million, ie goods of iron and steel amounted
to US $ 33.9 million (11.63 percent) and sugar and confectionery amounted to US
$ 1.1 million (0.54 percent).
Meanwhile,
if compared to the import of the same month the previous year, then in January
2011 imports of goods only group of iron and steel decreased by US $ 37.9
million (12.83 percent). Meanwhile nine other categories of goods have
increased the value of imports to the highest achieved by an increase in
imports of machinery and electrical equipment amounted to US $ 313.0 million,
or 28.64 percent. While the increase experienced by the lowest import organic
chemicals amounting to US $ 37.7 million (9.13 percent).
c.
Non-oil Imports by Country of Origin Main
The
total value of Indonesian non-oil imports in January 2011 amounted to US $
9,576.9 million, down US $ 926.8 million (8.82 percent) than non-oil imports in
December 2010. The value of non-oil imports, amounting US $ 2,147.1 million
(22.42 percent) from ASEAN and US $ 833.5 million (8.70 percent) from the
European Union.
Based
on the country of origin of major items, non-oil imports of China is the
largest, amounting to US $ 1,815.2 million, or 18.95 percent of the total
Indonesian non-oil imports, followed by Japan at US $ 1,379.4 million (14.40
percent), Singapore amounting to US $ 818.9 million (8.55 percent), Thailand
amounted to US $ 693.7 million (6.85 percent), United States of US $ 678.7
million (7.09 percent), South Korea US $ 564.3 million (5.89 percent), Malaysia
amounted to US $ 399.9 million (4.18 percent), Australia amounted to US $ 337.7
million (3.53 percent), Germany amounted to US $ 271.1 million (2.83 percent),
and Taiwan US $ 283, 6 million (2.96 percent). Furthermore, non-oil imports
from France amounted to US $ 110.2 million (1.15 percent) and the UK amounted
to US $ 61.4 million (0.86 percent). Overall, the twelve major countries above
provide a role for 77.42 percent of total non-oil imports Indonesia.Dilihat of
progress against January 2010, imports from twelve major countries increased by
25.43 percent. The increase was mainly contributed by two major countries,
namely China increased US $ 409.2 million (29.10 percent) and Japan increased
by US $ 316.0 billion (29.72 percent).
d.
Imports According to the Group Use of Goods
Of
the total imports of Indonesia during January 2011 amounted to US $ 12,548.7
million, imports of raw materials or auxiliary provides the greatest role,
which is 75.08 percent with a value of US $ 9,421.5 million, followed by
capital goods imports amounted to 16.71 per cent (US $ 2,096, 7 million), and
imports of consumer goods amounted to 8.21 percent (US $ 1,030.5 million).
Indonesia imports are broken down by type of use of goods, imports during
January 2011 compared to the same month of the previous year has increased for
all groups, namely for imports of consumer goods from US $ 625.4 million to US
$ 1,030.5 million, an increase of 64.77 per cent and imports raw materials /
auxiliary of US $ 7,047.6 million to US $ 9.421,5juta (up 33.68 percent).
Likewise, imports of capital goods increased from US $ 1,817.5 million to US $
2,096.7 million, up 15.36 percent.
Procedures
Import Export Activity
Procedures to be followed
when conducting import activities, among others:
1.
Importers domestic and Overseas Supplier
in correspondence and bargaining price that will be imported.
2.
If an agreement between the two sides,
then made a contract of buy and sell (sales contract).
3.
Importers LC to open the domestic
foreign exchange bank.
4.
Foreign Exchange Bank informed the Bank
about opening LC LN Contact her.
5.
Bank or Correspondent contacted Exportir
LN LN.
6.
LN message Exportir place (room) to the
agent shipping agents, with the intention that can be loaded and shipped. 6a.
Ship to the Port Indonesia.
7.
Supplier handed Invoice, Packing List
original sheet to Bank L N danmenarik weselnya above while duplicate documents
sent directly to the importer.
8.
Bank LN send documents to the Foreign
Exchange Bank.
9.
9. Exchange Bank DN submit original
documents to the importer.
10.
Importers submit documents to EMKL power
of attorney document.
11.
EMKL swap the original bill of lading
degan D / O to the shipping agent and make PPUD based on those documents, as
well as importers pay duties VAT etc.
12.
Goods out into free circulation or
delivered to the importer.
PROCESS FLOW OF GOODS
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Benefit
Imports
a.
Obtaining Goods and Services Could Not Be Generated
Every
country has natural resources and human resources capabilities vary. For
example, the natural state of Indonesia can not produce wheat and America can
not produce palm oil. Interstate commerce able to resolve the issue. Interstate
commerce enables Indonesia to acquire American wheat and palm oil gained.
Trade
between countries will be able to bring items that can not be produced
domestically. For example, Indonesia has not been able to produce heavy
machinery. Therefore, Indonesia trade with America, Japan, China and South
Korea in the procurement of these tools.
b.
Getting a Modern Technology
The
production process can be made easy with the modern technologies. For example,
the use of welding machine on a motorcycle assembly plant. These machines
simplify the process of connecting the motor frame. Another example is laser
copiers. This machine can duplicate documents more quickly and clearly.
The
level of technology in our country generally still modest. Technology
development is still slow due to the low quality of human resources. To support
production activities, we can import technology from abroad. In trading usually
occurs the exchange of information. From this information exchange, Indonesia
can learn new production techniques and the use of modern technologies.
c.
Getting a Raw Materials
Every
business definitely requires raw materials. To produce the required iron and
steel cars. To produce buckets, bowls and plastic chairs plastic required. Not
all of the production of raw materials produced in the country. Perhaps there
is produced in the country, but are more expensive. Employers would prefer the
raw materials that are cheaper. For the sake of continuity of production, the
employer must maintain the supply of raw material. One way to import raw
materials from abroad.
Import
Issues
v External
a.
Trust between importers
One
of the external factors that are important to guarantee its transactions executed
importer is trust. The two parties are the place apart and hardly know each
other is a risk when involved with the exchange of goods with money. Therefore,
before the contract of sale is held each party, must already know the
credibility of its trading partners. Mutual trust between the two sides
exporter-importer is absolutely necessary in order to avoid the difficulties
and disagreements in the future.
b.
Marketing
To
the State where the goods will be marketed to get the best possible price are factors
to Consider. In an effort to secure the activities in the field of export, the
exporter needs to be emphasized particularly subject to the necessity of
studying marketing techniques, knowing the potential of Reviews These items.
c.
The quota system and improved relations with other countries
However
the desire of both parties to increase transactions which are quite beneficial,
but, if there are restrictions such as quotas for the goods and quota State, it
is not fully implemented.
d.
Entanglement membership in international organizations
This
organization is intended to regulate the stability of prices and goods of
export commodities in the international market. But apart from the benefits
gained by membership in the organization, membership in it often is an
inhibitor to be able to perform certain actions for the improvement of
commodity transactions are concerned.
v Intern
a.
Technical preparations
Companies
must import company to fulfill the terms of trying to get attention sometimes
not earnest. Technical preparations that should have been done overlooked because
hunted by the larger goal that is the pursuit of quick and tangible results
from the trade it self, so that the basic requirements for the implementation
of import transactions was forgotten.
b.
Ability and understanding of foreign transactions
Successful
and smooth implementation of import transactions are also supported by the
extent to which knowledge or understanding of the importer, which needs to be mastered
is the basics of import transactions, the procedures for implementation is,
filling form filling required, government regulations and abroad where
colleagues trading is located.
c.
Financing
Financing
for the transaction is an important issue the which not infrequently faced by
entrepreneurs importers. In this case the necessary entrepreneurs who are able
to manage finances wisely and learn and take advantage of the possibility of
financing facilities for the execution of transactions performed.
d.
Lack of perfection in preparing goods
Specialized
in export transactions, unqualified exporters in tackling preparation,
preparation of items may lead to a result which is not good for the survival
transactions with trading partners abroad
CHAPTER III
CLOSING
A. CONCLUSION
The
import process generally is the act of entering goods or commodities from other
countries into the country. In export and import activities generally requires
the intervention of customs. In the process of imports Also required documents
to launch and as a condition for this activity. Import documents, Among others:
RKP (Arrival Plan of Carriers), PIB (Notice of Imported Goods), Manifest,
Invoice, COO (certificat of Origin), DO0 (Delivery Order).
Not
all countries are able to meet the needs of each country. Therefore, import
activity is very beneficial for each country. In general, the benefits of
export and import activities is to meet the needs of the community, increase
the income of the state for their income, improve the economy of the people,
and promoting the growth of the industry.
From
the above description, it can be concluded that the exports and imports is very
vital for every country. Due to reviews these activities, the country can meet
the needs of society that can not be produced in their own country. Therefore,
there is no single country in the world that do not perform import activities.
B. SUGGESTION
v For
the government
Import
policies need to be developed to deliver quality growth, as imports are
dominated upstream products. While trying to reduce the dependency of raw
materials and empower Indonesia's natural resources, which will create the
nation's independence amid increasingly fierce trade competition.
v For
the people
Many
factors influence the difference in production in each country. These factors
include: geography, climate, level of mastery of science and technology and
others. In an era of global trade, the flow of goods in and out very quickly.
To expedite his business affairs, the employers should have considerable
knowledge about import procedures, both in terms of regulation is always
updated especially those related to international trade, and banks, all of
which are inter-related and has been frequently arise in the field.
SOURCE
Hutabarat, Roselyne.
1989. Transaksi Ekspor Impor. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Dumairy. 1996.
Perekonomian Indonesia. Jakarta: Erlangga.
www.bps.go.id
